{"id":204,"date":"2020-06-09T21:35:30","date_gmt":"2020-06-09T12:35:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/intnrms-malawi.org\/en\/?page_id=204"},"modified":"2025-12-11T21:36:22","modified_gmt":"2025-12-11T12:36:22","slug":"malawi2japan","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/intnrms-malawi.org\/en\/activity\/malawi2japan\/","title":{"rendered":"Malawi members\u2019 visit to Japan"},"content":{"rendered":"\n\t\t<style type=\"text\/css\">\n\t\t\t#gallery-1 {\n\t\t\t\tmargin: auto;\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t#gallery-1 .gallery-item {\n\t\t\t\tfloat: left;\n\t\t\t\tmargin-top: 10px;\n\t\t\t\ttext-align: center;\n\t\t\t\twidth: 33%;\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t#gallery-1 img {\n\t\t\t\tborder: 2px solid #cfcfcf;\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t#gallery-1 .gallery-caption {\n\t\t\t\tmargin-left: 0;\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\/* see gallery_shortcode() in wp-includes\/media.php *\/\n\t\t<\/style>\n\t\t<div id='gallery-1' class='gallery galleryid-204 gallery-columns-3 gallery-size-medium'><dl class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<dt class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/intnrms-malawi.org\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/m2j202501.jpg' class=\"thickbox no_icon\"><img width=\"300\" height=\"226\" src=\"https:\/\/intnrms-malawi.org\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/m2j202501-300x226.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium\" alt=\"\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-1-1344\" srcset=\"https:\/\/intnrms-malawi.org\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/m2j202501-300x226.jpg 300w, https:\/\/intnrms-malawi.org\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/m2j202501.jpg 392w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/dt>\n\t\t\t\t<dd class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-1-1344'>\n\t\t\t\tPlacid Mpeketula\uff08Photograph in Tokyo University of Agriculture) From September 18th to December 25th, 2025, take a short-term research program at the Tokyo University of Agriculture. \n\t\t\t\t<\/dd><\/dl><dl class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<dt class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/intnrms-malawi.org\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/m2j202502.jpg' class=\"thickbox no_icon\"><img width=\"300\" height=\"225\" src=\"https:\/\/intnrms-malawi.org\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/m2j202502-300x225.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium\" alt=\"\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-1-1345\" srcset=\"https:\/\/intnrms-malawi.org\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/m2j202502-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/intnrms-malawi.org\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/m2j202502.jpg 442w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/dt>\n\t\t\t\t<dd class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-1-1345'>\n\t\t\t\tNicholas Sikoya Chanza\uff08Photograph in Nagano University with Students in the Takahashi Seminar) From September 18th to December 25th, 2025, take a short-term research program at the Tokyo University of Agriculture.\n\t\t\t\t<\/dd><\/dl><dl class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<dt class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/intnrms-malawi.org\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/m2j202503.jpg' class=\"thickbox no_icon\"><img width=\"300\" height=\"225\" src=\"https:\/\/intnrms-malawi.org\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/m2j202503-300x225.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium\" alt=\"\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-1-1346\" srcset=\"https:\/\/intnrms-malawi.org\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/m2j202503-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/intnrms-malawi.org\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/m2j202503-768x576.jpg 768w, https:\/\/intnrms-malawi.org\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/m2j202503.jpg 973w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/dt>\n\t\t\t\t<dd class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-1-1346'>\n\t\t\t\tPlacid Mpeketula\uff08Photograph in Arrival at Haneda Airport) From September 28th to October 22th, 2025, take a short-term research program at the Tokyo University of Agriculture.\n\t\t\t\t<\/dd><\/dl><br style=\"clear: both\" \/><dl class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<dt class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/intnrms-malawi.org\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/photo2025-05-17-11.png' class=\"thickbox no_icon\"><img width=\"300\" height=\"225\" src=\"https:\/\/intnrms-malawi.org\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/photo2025-05-17-11.png\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium\" alt=\"\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-1-1146\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/dt>\n\t\t\t\t<dd class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-1-1146'>\n\t\t\t\tOscar Mwenyedawo(Photograph in Ishigakijima) From October 1st to November 15th, 2024, take a short-term research program at the University of Tokyo. \n\t\t\t\t<\/dd><\/dl><dl class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<dt class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/intnrms-malawi.org\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/photo2025-05-17-10.png' class=\"thickbox no_icon\"><img width=\"300\" height=\"225\" src=\"https:\/\/intnrms-malawi.org\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/photo2025-05-17-10.png\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium\" alt=\"\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-1-1145\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/dt>\n\t\t\t\t<dd class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-1-1145'>\n\t\t\t\tPhillip Kapulula  (Photograph in Saku City, Nagano) From September 22nd to November 15th, 2024, take a short-term research program at the Tokyo University of Agriculture.\n\t\t\t\t<\/dd><\/dl><dl class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<dt class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/intnrms-malawi.org\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/photo2025-05-17-09.png' class=\"thickbox no_icon\"><img width=\"300\" height=\"225\" src=\"https:\/\/intnrms-malawi.org\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/photo2025-05-17-09.png\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium\" alt=\"\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-1-1147\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/dt>\n\t\t\t\t<dd class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-1-1147'>\n\t\t\t\tTalandila Kasapila (Photograph in Yakushima with Makiko Sugishita and Andrew Zoll. Appreciate their support!) Taking a long-term research program (Master\u2019s programs) at Ehime University from April 2024.\n\t\t\t\t<\/dd><\/dl><br style=\"clear: both\" \/><dl class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<dt class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/intnrms-malawi.org\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/photo2025-05-17-08.png' class=\"thickbox no_icon\"><img width=\"300\" height=\"225\" src=\"https:\/\/intnrms-malawi.org\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/photo2025-05-17-08.png\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium\" alt=\"\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-1-1148\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/dt>\n\t\t\t\t<dd class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-1-1148'>\n\t\t\t\tOn November 23rd, 2023, an international symposium was held at Ehime University. Five members visit Japan: Vice Chancellor Samson Sajidu of the University of Malawi, Professor Bosco Rusuwa, Professor Daud Kassam, Dr. Friday Njaya, and Director William Mgoola.\n\t\t\t\t<\/dd><\/dl><dl class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<dt class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/intnrms-malawi.org\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/photo2025-05-17-07.png' class=\"thickbox no_icon\"><img width=\"300\" height=\"225\" src=\"https:\/\/intnrms-malawi.org\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/photo2025-05-17-07.png\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium\" alt=\"\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-1-1149\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/dt>\n\t\t\t\t<dd class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-1-1149'>\n\t\t\t\tPaid a courtesy visit to President Hiroshige Nishina of Ehime University on November 22nd, 2023, one day in advance of the international symposium.\n\t\t\t\t<\/dd><\/dl><dl class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<dt class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/intnrms-malawi.org\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/photo2025-05-17-06-1.png' class=\"thickbox no_icon\"><img width=\"300\" height=\"225\" src=\"https:\/\/intnrms-malawi.org\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/photo2025-05-17-06-1.png\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium\" alt=\"\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-1-1153\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/dt>\n\t\t\t\t<dd class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-1-1153'>\n\t\t\t\tPlacid Mpeketula\uff08Photograph in Miyakojima) From October 1st to December 17th, 2023, take a short-term research program at the Tokyo University of Agriculture. \n\t\t\t\t<\/dd><\/dl><br style=\"clear: both\" \/><dl class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<dt class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/intnrms-malawi.org\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/photo2025-05-17-05.png' class=\"thickbox no_icon\"><img width=\"300\" height=\"225\" src=\"https:\/\/intnrms-malawi.org\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/photo2025-05-17-05.png\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium\" alt=\"\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-1-1151\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/dt>\n\t\t\t\t<dd class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-1-1151'>\n\t\t\t\tHappy Mussa\uff08Photograph in Malawi with Tetsu Sato) Taking a Japanese Government (Monbukagakusho: MEXT) Scholarship student (Doctoral program) at Kagoshima University from October 2023.\n\t\t\t\t<\/dd><\/dl><dl class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<dt class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/intnrms-malawi.org\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/photo2025-05-17-04.png' class=\"thickbox no_icon\"><img width=\"300\" height=\"225\" src=\"https:\/\/intnrms-malawi.org\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/photo2025-05-17-04.png\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium\" alt=\"\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-1-1152\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/dt>\n\t\t\t\t<dd class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-1-1152'>\n\t\t\t\tHopeson Kasiya\uff08Photograph from the website of Mitsutaka Makino Laboratory)\nTaking a long-term research program (Doctoral programs) at the University of Tokyo from April 2023.\n\t\t\t\t<\/dd><\/dl><dl class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<dt class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/intnrms-malawi.org\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/photo2025-05-17-03-7.png' class=\"thickbox no_icon\"><img width=\"300\" height=\"225\" src=\"https:\/\/intnrms-malawi.org\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/photo2025-05-17-03-7.png\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium\" alt=\"\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-1-1178\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/dt>\n\t\t\t\t<dd class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-1-1178'>\n\t\t\t\tFrom October 15th to December 28th, 2022, take a short-term research program at the Yokohama National University. (McPhillip Mwithokona\u3000Photograph in Yakushima)\n\t\t\t\t<\/dd><\/dl><br style=\"clear: both\" \/><dl class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<dt class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/intnrms-malawi.org\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/photo2025-05-17-02-7.png' class=\"thickbox no_icon\"><img width=\"300\" height=\"225\" src=\"https:\/\/intnrms-malawi.org\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/photo2025-05-17-02-7.png\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium\" alt=\"\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-1-1179\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/dt>\n\t\t\t\t<dd class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-1-1179'>\n\t\t\t\tFrom September 29th to December 28th, 2022, take a short-term research program at the Tokyo University of Agriculture. (Lameck Fiwa\u3000Photograph in Saku City, Nagano)\n\t\t\t\t<\/dd><\/dl><dl class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<dt class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/intnrms-malawi.org\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/photo2025-05-17-01-7.png' class=\"thickbox no_icon\"><img width=\"300\" height=\"225\" src=\"https:\/\/intnrms-malawi.org\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/photo2025-05-17-01-7.png\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium\" alt=\"\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-1-1180\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/dt>\n\t\t\t\t<dd class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-1-1180'>\n\t\t\t\tStarting in April 2022, completed a long-term research program (Doctoral programs) at the Tokyo University of Agriculture for three years. The photograph shows the presentation of the doctoral thesis in January 2025. Congratulations on graduating! (Dickson Mazibuko)\n\t\t\t\t<\/dd><\/dl><dl class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<dt class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/intnrms-malawi.org\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/\u6d3b\u52d5\u30de\u30e9\u30a6\u30a33\u65e5\u672c\u8a2a\u554f-scaled-1.jpg' class=\"thickbox no_icon\"><img width=\"300\" height=\"225\" src=\"https:\/\/intnrms-malawi.org\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/\u6d3b\u52d5\u30de\u30e9\u30a6\u30a33\u65e5\u672c\u8a2a\u554f-scaled-1-300x225.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium\" alt=\"\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-1-509\" srcset=\"https:\/\/intnrms-malawi.org\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/\u6d3b\u52d5\u30de\u30e9\u30a6\u30a33\u65e5\u672c\u8a2a\u554f-scaled-1-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/intnrms-malawi.org\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/\u6d3b\u52d5\u30de\u30e9\u30a6\u30a33\u65e5\u672c\u8a2a\u554f-scaled-1-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/intnrms-malawi.org\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/\u6d3b\u52d5\u30de\u30e9\u30a6\u30a33\u65e5\u672c\u8a2a\u554f-scaled-1-768x576.jpg 768w, https:\/\/intnrms-malawi.org\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/\u6d3b\u52d5\u30de\u30e9\u30a6\u30a33\u65e5\u672c\u8a2a\u554f-scaled-1-1536x1152.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/intnrms-malawi.org\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/\u6d3b\u52d5\u30de\u30e9\u30a6\u30a33\u65e5\u672c\u8a2a\u554f-scaled-1-2048x1536.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/dt>\n\t\t\t\t<dd class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-1-509'>\n\t\t\t\tNovember 17th 2019. Presentation at TD-VULS International Symposium, Tokyo.\n\t\t\t\t<\/dd><\/dl><br style=\"clear: both\" \/><dl class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<dt class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/intnrms-malawi.org\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/2\u65e5\u672c\u8a2a\u554f.png' class=\"thickbox no_icon\"><img width=\"300\" height=\"184\" src=\"https:\/\/intnrms-malawi.org\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/2\u65e5\u672c\u8a2a\u554f-300x184.png\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium\" alt=\"\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-1-274\" srcset=\"https:\/\/intnrms-malawi.org\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/2\u65e5\u672c\u8a2a\u554f-300x184.png 300w, https:\/\/intnrms-malawi.org\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/2\u65e5\u672c\u8a2a\u554f-1024x628.png 1024w, https:\/\/intnrms-malawi.org\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/2\u65e5\u672c\u8a2a\u554f-768x471.png 768w, https:\/\/intnrms-malawi.org\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/2\u65e5\u672c\u8a2a\u554f-1536x942.png 1536w, https:\/\/intnrms-malawi.org\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/2\u65e5\u672c\u8a2a\u554f.png 2038w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/dt>\n\t\t\t\t<dd class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-1-274'>\n\t\t\t\tSeptember 26th 2018. Bosco Rusuwa giving feedback at World Social Science Forum held in Hakata-ku, Fukuoka. \n\t\t\t\t<\/dd><\/dl><dl class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<dt class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/intnrms-malawi.org\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/1-scaled-6.jpg' class=\"thickbox no_icon\"><img width=\"300\" height=\"200\" src=\"https:\/\/intnrms-malawi.org\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/1-scaled-6-300x200.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium\" alt=\"\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-1-373\" srcset=\"https:\/\/intnrms-malawi.org\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/1-scaled-6-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/intnrms-malawi.org\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/1-scaled-6-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/intnrms-malawi.org\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/1-scaled-6-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/intnrms-malawi.org\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/1-scaled-6-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/intnrms-malawi.org\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/1-scaled-6-2048x1366.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/dt>\n\t\t\t\t<dd class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-1-373'>\n\t\t\t\tSeptember 6th 2015. Survey on community development activities in Shiraho, Ishigaki City, Okinawa Prefecture.\n\t\t\t\t<\/dd><\/dl>\n\t\t\t<br style='clear: both' \/>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":373,"parent":16,"menu_order":1,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/intnrms-malawi.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/204"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/intnrms-malawi.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/intnrms-malawi.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/intnrms-malawi.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/intnrms-malawi.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=204"}],"version-history":[{"count":10,"href":"https:\/\/intnrms-malawi.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/204\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1348,"href":"https:\/\/intnrms-malawi.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/204\/revisions\/1348"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/intnrms-malawi.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/16"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/intnrms-malawi.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/373"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/intnrms-malawi.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=204"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}